Time


 * BIG BANG THEORY**

**1) About how long ago did the big bang take place? **

 * ======According to the standard theory, our universe sprang into existence as "singularity" around 13.7 billion years ago. ======

**2) What is a black hole? **

 * ======Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. ======
 * ======A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape. ======

**3) Does the universe continue to expand? **

 * ======yes, after its initial appearance, it apparently inflated (the "Big Bang"), expanded and cooled, going from very, very small and very, very hot, to the size and temperature of our current universe and it continues to expand. ======

**4) Was there really a big bang? **

 * ======yes because the Big Bang theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe. Discoveries in astronomy and physics have shown beyond a reasonable doubt that our universe did in fact have a beginning. ======

**5) What light elements seem to support the Big Bang Theory? **

 * ======Finally, the abundance of the "light elements" Hydrogen and Helium found in the observable universe are thought to support the Big Bang model of origins. ======


**22 QUESTIONS **

**1) What is the current calendar most of the world uses / accepts? Explain who made it and why this is accepted.**

 * ======The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter gravissimas. it is accepted because the Gregorian calendar reform contained two parts, a reform of the Julian calendar as used up to Pope Gregory's time, together with a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church along with the Julian calendar for calculating dates of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius (or Lilio). ======

**2) What is a leap year?**

 * ======A leap year (or intercalary or bissextile year) is a year containing one extra day (or, in the case of lunisolar calendars, a month) in order to keep the calendar year synchronized with the astronomical or seasonal year. ======

**3) List three other types of calendars used and how they set up their calendar (ex. Lunar).**

 * ======BC, BCE, and AD ======

**4) What is BC?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">The meaning of BC is Before Christ. CE is a recent term. It refers to Common Era and is used in place of A.D. the dates are the same ie 2009 AD is 2009 CE. ======

**5) What is BCE?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">BCE means Before Common Era. For example 400 BC is 400 BCE. ======

**6) What is AD?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">The meaning of AD is Anno Domini or Year of our Lord referring to the year of Christ’s birth. ======

**7) What is CE?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">C.E. stands for "Common Era," an alternate method of notation to the traditional A.D., or //Anno Domine,// used in much of the west. ======

**8) What is MYA?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">means million years ago ======

**9) According to the timeline site how many periods of when are there and list time.**

 * 1) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">14000 MYA: BIG BANG: Formation of the universe ======
 * 2) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">4600 MYA: FORMATION OF THE EARTH  ======
 * 3) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">543 MYA - 490 MYA: CAMBRIAN: Explosion of life on Earth ======
 * 4) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">290 MYA - 248 MYA: PERMIAN: Largets Mass Extinction ======
 * 5) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">245 MYA - 65 MYA: MESOZOIC:Age of Dinosaurs ======
 * 6) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">65 MYA: CENOZOIC: Age of Mammals ======
 * 7) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">5 MYA - 2500 BC: STONE AGE : The Human Era  ======
 * 8) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">70000 BC - 8000 BC: ICE AGE : Extintion of Large Mammals  ======
 * 9) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">9000 BC - 4500 BC: NEOLITHIC : First Permanent Settlements  ======
 * 10) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">3200 BC - 1200 BC: BRONZE AGE : First Pharaos  ======
 * 11) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1200 BC - 332 BC: IRON AGE : Start of the Trojan War  ======
 * 12) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">332 BC - 63 BC: HELLENISTIC PERIOD  ======
 * 13) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">63 BC - 476: ROMAN PERIOD  ======
 * 14) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">330 - 1453: BYZANTINE PERIOD  ======
 * 15) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">476 - 1350: MIDDLE AGES  ======
 * 16) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1350 - 1600: RENAISSANCE  ======
 * 17) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1500 - 1600: REFORMATION  ======
 * 18) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1600 - 1800: ENLIGHTENMENT  ======
 * 19) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1750 - 1900: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  ======
 * 20) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">1900 - 2000: 20th CENTURY  ======
 * 21) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">2000 - 2099: 21st CENTURY  ======
 * 22) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">2009: FUTURE  ======

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Geological time scale:

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">EON - an indefinitely long period of time; age. ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">EPOCH- the beginning of a distinctive period in the history of anything. ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">ERA- a date or an event forming the beginning of any distinctive period. ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">AGE - a period of human life,measured by years from birth, usually marked by a certain stageor degree of mental or physical development and involving legal responsibility and capacity. ======

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Egyptian calendar, Aztec calendar, Solar calendar.

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">"Dog Star" in Canis Major, which we call Sirius. ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Aztec calendar stone ======
 * ======<span style="color: #808080; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Stoneheng <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">e ======

**12) List two ancient clocks and how they worked.**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Egyptian shadow clock or sundial, possibly the first portable timepiece, came into use around 1500 BCE. This device divided a sunlit day into 10 parts plus two "twilight hours" in the morning and evening. When the long stem with 5 variably spaced marks was oriented east and west in the morning, an elevated crossbar on the east end cast a moving shadow over the marks. At noon, the device was turned in the opposite direction to measure the afternoon "hours." ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">The //merkhet//, the oldest known astronomical tool, was an Egyptian development of around 600 BCE. A pair of merkhets was used to establish a north-south line (or meridian) by aligning them with the Pole Star. They could then be used to mark off nighttime hours by determining when certain other stars crossed the meridian. ======

**13) What was a revolution of timekeeping?**
> ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> During these times, simple sundials placed above doorways were used to identify midday and four "tides" (important times or periods) of the sunlit day. By the 10th century, several types of pocket sundials were used. One English model even compensated for seasonal changes of the Sun's altitude. ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">In Europe during most of the Middle Ages (roughly 500 CE to 1500 CE), technological advancement virtually ceased. Sundial styles evolved, but didn't move far from ancient Egyptian principles. ======

**14) What allows for standard more accurate clocks?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Over the next century, refinements led in 1889 to Siegmund Riefler's clock with a nearly free pendulum, which attained an accuracy of a hundredth of a second a day and became the standard in many astronomical observatories. A true free-pendulum principle was introduced by R.J. Rudd about 1898, stimulating development of several free-pendulum clocks. ======

**15) What are time zones?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">any of the 24 regions of the globe (loosely divided by longitude) throughout which the same standard time is used. ======

**16) What is the prime meridian?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">The earth's zero of longitude, which by convention passes through Greenwich. ======

**17) If it’s 10:00 AM in Regina, what time is it in Toronto? London? Moscow? Tokyo? Hawaii?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Toronto- 11 am ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">London- 11 am ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Moscow- 6 pm ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Tokyo- 12 am ======
 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Hawaii- 5 am ======

**18) What is Daylight Saving Time? Do we use this in Saskatchewan?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Daylight saving time was extending one hour and gain extra time, we don't use daylight saving time here in saskatchewan. ======

**19) Is there a year zero?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">yes ======

**20) Are we starting a new decade in 2010 or 2011?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">yes ======

**21) What is linear time?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> A time base that makes the electron beam of a cathode-ray tube move at a constant speed along the horizontal time scale. ======
 * ======<span style="color: #808080; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> In computer science, the time complexity of an algorithm quantifies the amount of time taken by an algorithm to run as a function of the size of the input to the problem . ======

**22) What is cyclical time?**

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Eliade attributes the well-known "cyclic" view of time in ancient thought to the eternal return. In many religions, a ritual cycle correlates certain parts of the year with mythical events, making each year a repetition of the mythical age. For instance, Australian Aborigines annually reenact the events of the "﻿Dreamtime". ======

**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Geological Time **

 * ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">**10 things i learned in the video:** ======
 * 1) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">when volcano erupts it burries everything for about 50 feet under a blanket of solid rock. ======
 * 2) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">lavas becomes a solid rock. ======
 * 3) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Kilauea volcano the world's most active volcano has been enturupting continously since 1983. ======
 * 4) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">the power of the volcano stays in the power of earth itself. ======
 * 5) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">volcanoes in hawaii can make island after 200,000 years of erupting. ======
 * 6) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">250 million years ago the globe was very different. ======
 * 7) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">time changes earth's formation. ======
 * 8) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">DNA can be used to trace maternal ancestors back to the generation by using genetic code. ======
 * 9) ======<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">There are 8 planets. ======
 * 10) <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">We are the third closest planet.

**Geologic Time Chart**
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Fill in the blanks with the appropriate information that completes the chart below.

<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Paleozoic (1) __Pennsylvanian,__ First Reptiles
<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Cenozoic, Quaternary (2) __Major Glaciers in North America and Europe__ <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">(3) __Mesozoic,__ Jurassic, Pangaea begins to break up  <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Precambrian, Archean (4) __Earliest Fossils Recorded (3,500) Earliest Rocks (4,000)__  <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Cenozoic (5) __Triassic__, Rocky Mountains begin to form  <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">(6) Paleozoic, __Mississippian__, Coal forming forests  <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Mesozoic (7) __Devonian,__ Mosasaurs inhabited the earth  <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">(8) __Paleozoic__,Ordovician, First fish  <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Paleozoic, Permian (9) __Greatest Extinction on Earth__  <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Cenozoic (10)__Tertiary__, Individual continents take shape